How should uncertainties be addressed in risk communication?

• A. Deny uncertainties exist.
• B. Avoid discussing uncertainties.
• C. Be transparent about uncertainties and explain how decisions proceed despite them.
• D. State absolute certainty.

Answer: (C)

Address uncertainty openly and explain how decisions will proceed even as new information comes in. The best approach is to be transparent about what is known, what isn’t, and how estimates may change. Include ranges or confidence levels when possible, describe the factors that influence the estimates, and lay out the decision-making process—what actions are recommended, what would trigger adjustments, and how plans will adapt as data evolve. This honesty builds trust, helps people understand why actions are taken, and reduces confusion if new information shifts risk assessments.

Denying uncertainties or avoiding the topic misleads people and damages trust, while asserting absolute certainty is misleading and can lead to harm when new data emerge.